The Historical Heritage of Khwaspur: The '52 Bullocks Well' Lies in Obscurity in Agra

According to reports, the historical 'Fifty-two Bullock Well' located behind the tomb of Kamal Khan in Khwaspur, Agra, stands as a notable monument from the Mughal era. Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) records officially list the well, along with the adjacent Kamal Khan dargah, under protection since December 22, 1920.

Historical records, including an 1871-72 report by A.C. Carlleile, detail the massive scale of the structure. The well features an inner circular shaft with a diameter of about 42 feet (12.8 meters) and an outer perimeter of roughly 220 feet. Its exterior structure consists of 16 sides, each measuring approximately 13.5 feet, surrounded by arched doorway screens.

Historical Background and Local Beliefs

Official records and local accounts present a mix of documented facts and traditional beliefs surrounding the site:

• ASI Protection: Listed and protected under the ASI since December 22, 1920.
• Design: 16-sided outer structure with a 42-foot inner diameter and a wall thickness of about 9 feet 7 inches.
• The 52 Bullocks Mystery: While Mughal-era records indicate that numerous bullocks were used to draw water, contemporary detailed technical documentation regarding the exact use of 52 bullocks remains unclear.
• The Legend of Kamal Khan: Local lore suggests that Kamal Khan, a royal elephant rider from Dholpur district's Bari, sank into the well with his elephant, leading to the establishment of the nearby dargah.
• Communal Harmony: The site features a shared cultural space, with the Bulaki Baba temple situated close to the dargah, and members of both Hindu and Muslim communities participating in local fair arrangements.

Current Status

ASI Agra Circle Chief Dr. Smita S. Kumar stated that the Mughal-era well highlights advanced historical water management and architectural skill. Due to safety considerations, entry into the well is currently restricted. Visitors and researchers can verify these details through official ASI documentation and records maintained at the Agra circle.